Arizona State University (ASU) NUR 426 Health and Illness Concepts Advanced Exam 1 Practice

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• Celecoxib should be used with caution in patients taking which drug due to bleeding risk?
• Which type of stroke is more likely to require monitoring for increased intracranial pressure and neurosurgical consultation?
• Interpret Swan-Ganz readings in septic shock vs hypovolemic shock.
• In acute decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema, which statement best describes how diuretics and vasodilators help?
• During medication reconciliation on admission, which nursing duties are essential?
• Before initiating enteral feeding in critically ill patients, what is essential to assess?
• In suspected acute coronary syndrome, what is the recommended chewing aspirin dose if not contraindicated?
• Myasthenia gravis crisis vs cholinergic crisis are distinguished primarily by which mechanism?
• Which statement about NSAIDs and warfarin interactions is correct?
• Which nursing action is most essential for a patient with acute liver failure at risk for cerebral edema?
• In acute pancreatitis, which two etiologies are most common, and what electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen?
• Which is a major risk factor for adverse drug events in older adults?
• In the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, which statement accurately describes potassium shifts during treatment?
• In septic shock, which parameter is most helpful to gauge tissue perfusion and response to vasopressor therapy?
• Describe three stages of wound healing and an appropriate nursing action at each stage.
• How does aging-related change in body composition affect drug distribution for lipophilic medications?
• Which sequence best describes the management of severe hyperkalemia (K+ >6.0)?
• What factor level defines severe hemophilia?
• In suspected ARDS, what initial ventilator strategy minimizes lung injury?
• Which symptom cluster is most suggestive of meningitis on initial assessment?
• In a patient with liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy, which nursing action most helps prevent progression to encephalopathy?
• What is the general ventilation strategy in ARDS to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury?
• Long-term folic acid use may mask deficiency of which vitamin?
• In acute pancreatitis, which electrolyte disturbance should be monitored due to risk of metabolic disturbances?
• For anemia related to chronic disease, what are key nursing considerations for assessment and management?
• In septic shock, when are corticosteroids indicated?
• A high fibrinogen level indicates increased risk of which outcome?
• In a chronic COPD patient with metabolic compensation, what ABG finding would you expect?
• A patient with acute kidney injury shows rising BUN and creatinine with oliguria. What nursing priorities and potential etiologies should be considered?
• In atrial fibrillation, which statement best reflects the role of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED in anticoagulation decisions?
• In the MUDPILES mnemonic for elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis, which of the following is NOT included?
• A patient with hyperkalemia presents with peaked T waves on ECG. Outline the immediate nursing interventions to stabilize the myocardium and lower serum potassium.
• What skin-care measure is recommended for radiation therapy-induced skin reactions?
• In a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes presenting with polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, and Kussmaul respirations, what are the hallmark features of diabetic ketoacidosis and initial nursing management?
• Which nursing intervention best supports pancreatic rest in acute pancreatitis?
• Severe neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count below which value?
• Which combination lists appropriate nursing considerations for CKD not yet on dialysis?
• Which dietary approach is recommended for GI symptoms in cancer patients?
• In sepsis management, what are the goals of fluid resuscitation and the role of vasopressors?
• Which option best describes the nursing plan for common opioid adverse effects?
• Which statement about Warfarin therapy is correct?
• Which infection-control measure is recommended for patients with neutropenia?
• In acute COPD exacerbation with breathlessness, what is the recommended oxygen target to minimize CO2 retention?
• In AML, what is the cellular abnormality?
• Which description best summarizes common age-related changes affecting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in geriatrics?
• In suspected thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm), which intervention represents an initial priority in management?
• What is the recommended turning frequency to prevent pressure injuries in immobile patients?
• In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), what signs are expected and what nursing interventions are prioritized?
• Which laboratory tests are monitored to detect and manage DIC?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis management, what is essential to assess before starting insulin infusion?
• Which intervention is used to treat anemia by stimulating red blood cell production?
• Which lifestyle measure helps minimize bleeding risk in bleeding disorders?
• Which of the following is not typically an age-related change in pharmacokinetics?
• Which statement about Lovenox (enoxaparin) is true?
• In a patient with acute lung injury, what is the first critical step if tension pneumothorax is suspected?
• Which finding suggests the risk of auto-PEEP in a ventilated patient?
• Which statement correctly describes the purpose and risk of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and the nursing actions required?
• Which modality is used to treat both solid tumors and hematologic cancers?
• Which is a delayed side effect of chemotherapy?
• A suspected pulmonary embolism presents with sudden dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. What nursing actions and initial diagnostics should be pursued?
• In suspected ACS, which step involves arranging for definitive reperfusion therapy?
• When adjusting medication dosing in older adults, what should be closely monitored to ensure safety?
• Which statement best describes cromolyn's role in asthma management?
• In females with bleeding disorders, which symptom requires close monitoring?
• Which statement about nutrition and wound healing is true?
• In the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, which sequence is correct for fluid resuscitation, electrolyte assessment, and initiation of insulin?
• Which clinical manifestation is associated with DIC?
• Hemophilia is most commonly inherited as which pattern?
• Which statement best defines septic shock in terms of hemodynamic status and lactate?
• What MAP target is recommended for vasopressor support in septic shock?
• What is the primary reason for hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease?
• During refeeding after severe malnutrition, which electrolyte disturbances are most concerning?
• A high D-dimer is associated with which condition?
• When evaluating AKI, what etiologies should be considered and what nursing priorities apply?
• In the management of DIC, the initial focus is:
• What is the purpose of trophic feeds in critically ill patients?
• For suspected acute coronary syndrome, which initial actions should be taken while awaiting confirmation?
• In acute asthma or status asthmaticus, what are the first-line pharmacologic interventions and nursing considerations?
• What risk factors exist for pressure injuries in immobile patients and what prevention strategies are recommended?
• What is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen to avoid hepatotoxicity?
• Which dental hygiene practice is recommended for patients with bleeding disorders?
• Which adverse drug reaction is associated with factor VIII/IX products?
• Which is a nonpharmacologic approach to cancer pain management?
• Septic shock can precipitate DIC by which mechanism?
• Which intervention is commonly used in the management of a myasthenia gravis crisis?
• What is a key distinction between assist-control and SIMV modes in mechanical ventilation?
• Which statement correctly differentiates sepsis from septic shock and identifies relevant lactate thresholds?
• What are the qSOFA criteria used to screen for sepsis in non-ICU patients, and how should a nurse respond if positive?
• Which statements describe vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease?
• In suspected acute coronary syndrome, which action should be performed first?
• Which is considered an acute adverse reaction during chemotherapy administration?
• Contrast prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal AKI in terms of etiology, urine findings, and response to fluid challenge.
• Which statement about nutrition and wound healing management is correct?
• What nursing considerations are essential for a patient with acute liver failure who is at risk for cerebral edema?
• Which ABG pattern indicates a mixed respiratory and metabolic disturbance in COPD?
• Explain the nursing assessment and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a critically ill patient.
• A high platelet count is most commonly associated with which condition?
• IVIG is indicated for patients who are immunodeficient and cannot make their own antibodies (humoral deficiency). Which option best describes this indication?
• What is a common adverse effect of desmopressin therapy?
• Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of asthma?
• Which statement best indicates adequate ventilation in a patient on mechanical ventilation?
• Which nursing interventions reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and how is effectiveness measured?
• What is the safe rate of correcting hyponatremia to avoid osmotic demyelination syndrome?
• What is a key strategy to minimize adverse drug events in older adults?
• A patient has hypokalemia (K+ 2.8 mEq/L) with ST depression and U waves on ECG. What nursing actions and treatment plan should be implemented?
• In ARDS, what fluid management approach is recommended after stabilization?
• In hypovolemic shock, which hemodynamic changes are expected?
• According to cancer treatment guidelines, which statement about surgery is true?
• Which monitoring consideration is most relevant when administering diphenhydramine?
• In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) management, when is transfusion support indicated?
• Warfarin therapy requires consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods because:
• Which statement about monitoring patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is most accurate?
• In advanced chronic kidney disease, what ABG pattern is typically seen?
• Which urine findings differentiate prerenal AKI from intrinsic AKI?
• For a patient with new-onset atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response in an acute illness, what is the initial nursing management?
• A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites and coagulopathy. What nursing considerations apply to assessment and management?
• In ARDS, which ventilation strategy reduces mortality?
• Which sign suggests thrombocytopenia?
• List four types of shock and one key nursing intervention for each.
• Hyperventilation in intracranial pressure management is best described as which of the following?
• Outline the steps for administering and monitoring total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the ICU.
• In the management of an acute ischemic stroke, which nursing action is appropriate to address treatment eligibility and safety?
• What protective equipment is recommended during chemotherapy administration?
• Which statement best describes cortisol's role in septic shock and the effect of hydrocortisone therapy?
• In suspected meningitis, which complications require monitoring?
• Explain the pathophysiology and nursing considerations for diabetic ketoacidosis, including triggers, electrolyte disturbances, and cerebral edema risk in children.
• What is the typical empiric IV antibiotic combination for bacterial meningitis in adults?
• In the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, when is it appropriate to initiate insulin therapy with respect to potassium?
• Factor VIII/IX products are derived from human plasma and carry a risk of which infection?
• Which statement about unfractionated heparin is correct?
• What is the acid-base disturbance for a COPD patient with pH 7.32, PaCO2 58 mmHg, HCO3− 28 mEq/L?
• Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) pathophysiology involves which combination?
• Which statement best differentiates septic shock from sepsis?
• Rifaximin is used in hepatic encephalopathy for what purpose when combined with lactulose?
• Lactate elevation in sepsis is most strongly associated with what increased risk when levels are at 4 mmol/L or higher?
• Under what circumstances might transfusion be considered for anemia of chronic disease?
• Explain the role of lactic acid measurement and lactate clearance as indicators of tissue perfusion and shock resolution.
• What is the recommended initial management sequence for suspected meningitis?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cancer development?
• What is the primary therapeutic use of albuterol?
• Initial management for suspected increased intracranial pressure includes which of the following?
• Which medications are commonly used for bleeding episodes in hemophilia?
• In suspected adrenal crisis (Addisonian crisis), which action is essential and immediate?
• A patient with aortic stenosis presents with exertional dyspnea, angina, and syncope. Which nursing action best supports safe care?
• Which of the following is a late sign of tissue hypoperfusion in hypovolemic shock?
• Hydroxyurea is indicated to treat sickle cell disease by which mechanism?
• Which intervention is foundational for preventing bleeding episodes in hemophilia?
• Which agent is used to stabilize the myocardium during severe hyperkalemia?
• Which intervention is first-line in hepatic encephalopathy to reduce ammonia levels?
• In cancer patients with neutropenia, which scenario is considered an emergency requiring prompt assessment?
• Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship for acid-base status: In metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation, which statement describes the relationship between HCO3- and PaCO2?
• Which medication interaction is of concern with factor VIII/IX replacement therapy?
• A patient presents with melena and tachycardia. What are key nursing actions for suspected upper GI bleed?
• Which laboratory tests are commonly used to assess and guide management of anemia related to chronic disease?
• A patient with community-acquired pneumonia: name a primary nursing assessment focus and initial management steps.
• During COPD management, what is the recommended SpO2 target to aim for?
• Which complication is most associated with early hemodialysis and requires close monitoring?
• Which lab result is typically prolonged in a patient with hemophilia?
• In the management of pernicious anemia, why is potassium monitoring important?
• A hospitalized patient has hyponatremia of 119 mEq/L with confusion and lethargy. What are key nursing priorities and safe correction parameters?
• What is the rationale for hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock?
• In stroke care, which practice best supports prevention of venous thromboembolism after an event?
• In Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, the initial problem is typically:
• Which statement correctly describes the mechanism of antifibrinolytic therapy used in bleeding disorders?
• Before dental cleaning for a patient with a bleeding disorder, what step is important?
• Factor VIII deficiency is most associated with which disorder?
• Which is a key component of the initial malnutrition assessment and intervention for hospitalized patients?
• Which statement best describes a key safety consideration with Theophylline therapy?
• Desmopressin is primarily used to treat mild hemophilia by which mechanism?
• Which blood product is used to treat bleeding due to deficiency of clotting factors?
• Which intervention is appropriate for cancer prevention in nursing practice?
• In ALL, which cell lineage overproduces leading to impaired infection defense?
• An Absolute Neutrophil Count that is LOW is most associated with which condition?
• In septic shock, which lactate threshold is associated with higher mortality risk?
• In a hospitalized patient with suspected hypoglycemia, what is the initial nursing action?
• A high aPTT indicates a prolonged time to clot. Which condition is commonly associated with a high aPTT?
• What is a typical sedation protocol for a ventilated patient, including sedation goals and daily sedation holidays?
• Which statement best describes montelukast's clinical profile?
• In suspected myxedema coma, what is the immediate nursing priority?
• Differentiate hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and outline initial nursing management.
• In acute pancreatitis, what is a key nursing focus for fluid management and what should be monitored?
• What is the preferred initial management strategy for a patient with new-onset atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response in the context of acute illness?
• Desmopressin is used for mild hemophilia because it increases the production of which factor?
• Describe the nursing monitoring considerations for a patient receiving vasopressor therapy in septic shock.
• What is a principal pharmacologic intervention for distributive shock such as septic or anaphylactic shock?
• Which WBC differential pattern is most consistent with bacterial pneumonia?
• Which medication is used as a disease-modifying therapy to reduce pain crises in sickle cell disease?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis, why must potassium be replete before starting IV insulin infusion?
• Which lab pattern is expected in DIC?
• Which statement accurately describes ipratropium's role in asthma management?
• Which statement best describes the pathophysiology underlying sepsis-related microcirculatory dysfunction?
• In sepsis guidelines, what are the Surviving Sepsis Campaign time targets for antibiotic administration and initial fluid resuscitation in septic shock?
• Which principle underpins the nursing management of palliative sedation in terminal illness?
• Which therapy is used to reduce cerebral edema as part of ICP management?
• What is the primary mechanism of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?
• Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of leukemia?
• Which laboratory test is primarily used to monitor unfractionated heparin therapy?
• Which symptom is commonly due to anemia in leukemia?
• Which adjunctive therapy is commonly considered for refractory hypoxemia in ARDS?
• Which statement about clopidogrel drug interactions is correct?
• Which statement about glucocorticoids used for asthma is true?
• The NIH Stroke Scale assesses several domains. Which of the following is NOT a domain evaluated by the NIH Stroke Scale?
• In malignant hypertension or hypertensive emergencies, what is the recommended blood pressure reduction strategy and nursing actions?
• Which ABG pattern is most consistent with an acute COPD exacerbation causing respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia?
• Which assessment is most critical immediately before starting hemodialysis in a patient with CKD?
• Which of the following is recommended when supporting cancer patients and their caregivers?
• When discussing end-of-life care with a patient and family, what nursing principle is central?
• Which statement best describes a standard venous thromboembolism prophylaxis plan for hospitalized patients?
• In the context of PT/INR, a high result indicates longer clotting time and is commonly seen with which of the following?
• Folic acid supplementation is indicated for which condition?
• What meal pattern is advised for GI side effects?
• Which blood product is used to replenish fibrinogen in massive transfusion?
• Explain the role of positive end-expiratory pressure in ARDS management.
• Which airway clearance therapy is used in cystic fibrosis management?
• How can you differentiate heat stroke from exertional heat exhaustion in terms of core temperature, mental status, and management?
• In prerenal AKI, what is the expected response to a fluid challenge?
• Aspirin should be used with caution especially when combined with which type of medication due to increased bleeding risk?
• How long does the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel last after a dose?
• How should factor VIII/IX concentrates be administered?
• Which strategy most directly reduces risk of respiratory complications and promotes safe airway management in obese patients?
• Which home-based measure is correct for a person with bleeding disorders?
• Alteplase is used to dissolve clots in which conditions?
• What is the neurologic effect described as chemo brain?
• Compare blood pressure considerations for ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke: which statement is correct?
• What is the NIH Stroke Scale and why is it used in nursing assessment?
• Ibuprofen indications and side effects; which is a true consideration?
• In a patient with atrial fibrillation who is prescribed anticoagulation, which nursing consideration is essential?
• What is the preferred route of administration for folic acid?
• Factor VIII/IX concentrates are used primarily to treat which bleeding disorder?
• Differentiate SIRS from sepsis and septic shock in terms of diagnostic criteria and nursing implications.
• Which of the following are common etiologies of acute pancreatitis?
• Which isolation precaution is recommended for suspected meningitis to prevent transmission?
• For a patient with obesity hypoventilation syndrome, which action best supports ventilation and oxygenation?
• What safety measures are essential to prevent infection transmission in a hospital setting?
• In a COPD exacerbation with hypercapnia, when is noninvasive ventilation appropriate?
• A patient with a COPD exacerbation presents with worsening dyspnea. What ABG pattern would you expect?
• Dornase alfa is administered by which route?
• Which activity is recommended to reduce bleeding risk in hemophilia patients?